This castle is located at the end of the island of Pharos maximum west of Alexandria. And constructed in place of the old Alexandria Mannar which demolishes the year 702 AH following the devastating earthquake that occurred in the reign of Sultan al-Nasir Muhammad. He began Sultan al-Ashraf Abu Al-Nasr Bey build this castle in the year 882 AH and ended 884 years of its construction. The reason for his interest in Alexandria frequent direct threats to Egypt by the Ottoman Empire, which threatened the entire Arab region has cared Mamluk Sultan al-Ghouri Qansuh castle, climbing from Jamitha and shipped arms.
Description Castle
This takes the form of the castle square with an area of 150 m * 130 m surrounded by the sea on three sides. It contains the castle walls and the main tower in the North West. The walls are divided into internal fence and outdoor. Valsor interior includes barracks and arms depots. The outer wall of the castle fitted in the bodies of the four defensive towers rise to the level of the fence with the exception of the eastern wall loss includes slots for defensive soldiers.
And take the main tower in the inner courtyard form of big castle square-shaped side length of 30 meters and a height of 17 meters and consists castle of the three-storey square-shaped and are found in corners of the tower of the four semi-circular towers are finished higher balconies prominent and these towers higher than the main tower includes slots to throw darts at two levels The mosque occupies the first floor of the castle, which consists dish and four defensive iwans and corridors to allow soldiers to pass easily through the defense of Kulah.o had this mosque minaret but collapsed recently.
The second floor contains the corridors and halls and internal compartments. It features a large room on the third floor (seat Sultan Qaat Bay) sits down to see the ships on a day's journey from Alexandria covered cellar cross There is also on this floor furnace for the preparation of bread made from wheat land, as well as a mill to grind grain for the soldiers living in the castle. The new Sultan Qansuh Ghouri castle and increased the garrison has been neglected this castle in the Ottoman occupation of Egypt. Citadel has established this fortress of Sultan Malik al-Ashraf Abu Al-Nasr Bey Mahmoudi year 882 AH / 1477 AD place Mannar Alexandria old at the eastern tip of the island of Pharos in the late Mamluk state, which is about building a separate length of 60 meters and width of 50 meters, and the thickness of the walls 4.5 meters.
This was Al-Manar had been destroyed after an earthquake in 702 AH the days of King al-Nasir Muhammad, who ordered the restoration, but he destroyed them after several years even destroyed all its parts year 777 AH / 1375 AD.
And when he visited the city of Alexandria Qaytbay year 882 AH / 1477 AD went to the site of the old Al-Manar and ordered to build on the basis of the old tower, later known as Castle or Fortress Bey was the completion of construction after two years from the date of construction.
Because Bey Citadel in Alexandria is considered one of the most important castles on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea has cared by the sultans and the rulers of Egypt over the historical eras in the Mamluk era, we find the Sultan Qansuh Ghouri interested in this castle considerable attention and increased the strength of its garrison and shipped weapons and gear, and when he opened the Ottomans Egypt used this castle a place for their protection and were interested in maintaining them and made them communities of the soldiers infantry, cavalry, artillery and various garrisons to defend it and then defend Gate Egypt in the northern coast and what weakened the Ottoman Empire began the castle lose its strategic importance and the defense as a result of the weakness of its garrison is then managed the French campaign on Egypt led by Napoleon Bonaparte seized and the city of Alexandria, 1798 which led to the seizure and which took over the rest of Egypt, and when he took Muhammad Ali Pasha ruled Egypt and work to fortify Egypt and especially the coasts of North arose to renew the castle walls and add some of the work out to suit the evolution of defense of the nineteenth century AD consisted in strengthening walls and renewal of buildings and providing them with guns coastal This is in addition to the construction of many Ataiwabi and forts that have sprung up along the northern coast of Egypt. Since the revolution, Ahmed Orabi in 1882, which was the results hit the city of Alexandria on July 11, 1882 and then the British occupation of Egypt was vandalized Bey Citadel and cause cracks, has been a castle on this case until the Commission for the Conservation of Arab Monuments 1904 the work of many of the reforms and do the renovations project to work out based on the studies carried out by scientists of the French campaign and published in the book Description of Egypt and also by the traveler Cassius in his book of the year 1799.
General architectural planning of the castle
Built Bey Citadel on an area of 17550 square meters was built on this area of the walls of the castle of Foreign Affairs and Astgamatha war which is about a group of fences built to increase fortify the castle and these walls is Surin major of huge stones that surround the castle from the outside and the inside has been prepared to protect the castle, Valsor first is the outer wall of the castle is surrounded on all four sides Valdila east of the fence overlooking the sea and a width of two meters and a height of eight meters and peppered with any Towers The rib-west is a huge wall thickness is greater than the rest of the castle walls peppered with three round towers and the longer this fence oldest remaining parts , while the southern side it overlooks the port of East and peppered with three round towers and strikethrough door, while the northern side Fatal directly on the sea and is divided into two parts the bottom of it is a corridor large roofed built over the rock directly by several compartments while the upper part is a corridor by slots narrow overlooking the sea The walls of Interior has shown of stone and surrounded the tower master of all his part, except the northern side and permeates this fence from inside a group of cabins adjacent prepared barracks for Soldiers are free of any openings except for door openings and slots Mzagl allocated to be openings for ventilation on the one hand and Kfathat for the defense on the other hand. The main tower of the castle, it is located north-west aspect of the area of the castle and the main tower of the castle is a building of three floors have planned a square out of each corner of the four corners round tower that rises from the surface of the main tower was built tower limestone hardwood.
Description Castle
This takes the form of the castle square with an area of 150 m * 130 m surrounded by the sea on three sides. It contains the castle walls and the main tower in the North West. The walls are divided into internal fence and outdoor. Valsor interior includes barracks and arms depots. The outer wall of the castle fitted in the bodies of the four defensive towers rise to the level of the fence with the exception of the eastern wall loss includes slots for defensive soldiers.
And take the main tower in the inner courtyard form of big castle square-shaped side length of 30 meters and a height of 17 meters and consists castle of the three-storey square-shaped and are found in corners of the tower of the four semi-circular towers are finished higher balconies prominent and these towers higher than the main tower includes slots to throw darts at two levels The mosque occupies the first floor of the castle, which consists dish and four defensive iwans and corridors to allow soldiers to pass easily through the defense of Kulah.o had this mosque minaret but collapsed recently.
The second floor contains the corridors and halls and internal compartments. It features a large room on the third floor (seat Sultan Qaat Bay) sits down to see the ships on a day's journey from Alexandria covered cellar cross There is also on this floor furnace for the preparation of bread made from wheat land, as well as a mill to grind grain for the soldiers living in the castle. The new Sultan Qansuh Ghouri castle and increased the garrison has been neglected this castle in the Ottoman occupation of Egypt. Citadel has established this fortress of Sultan Malik al-Ashraf Abu Al-Nasr Bey Mahmoudi year 882 AH / 1477 AD place Mannar Alexandria old at the eastern tip of the island of Pharos in the late Mamluk state, which is about building a separate length of 60 meters and width of 50 meters, and the thickness of the walls 4.5 meters.
This was Al-Manar had been destroyed after an earthquake in 702 AH the days of King al-Nasir Muhammad, who ordered the restoration, but he destroyed them after several years even destroyed all its parts year 777 AH / 1375 AD.
And when he visited the city of Alexandria Qaytbay year 882 AH / 1477 AD went to the site of the old Al-Manar and ordered to build on the basis of the old tower, later known as Castle or Fortress Bey was the completion of construction after two years from the date of construction.
Because Bey Citadel in Alexandria is considered one of the most important castles on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea has cared by the sultans and the rulers of Egypt over the historical eras in the Mamluk era, we find the Sultan Qansuh Ghouri interested in this castle considerable attention and increased the strength of its garrison and shipped weapons and gear, and when he opened the Ottomans Egypt used this castle a place for their protection and were interested in maintaining them and made them communities of the soldiers infantry, cavalry, artillery and various garrisons to defend it and then defend Gate Egypt in the northern coast and what weakened the Ottoman Empire began the castle lose its strategic importance and the defense as a result of the weakness of its garrison is then managed the French campaign on Egypt led by Napoleon Bonaparte seized and the city of Alexandria, 1798 which led to the seizure and which took over the rest of Egypt, and when he took Muhammad Ali Pasha ruled Egypt and work to fortify Egypt and especially the coasts of North arose to renew the castle walls and add some of the work out to suit the evolution of defense of the nineteenth century AD consisted in strengthening walls and renewal of buildings and providing them with guns coastal This is in addition to the construction of many Ataiwabi and forts that have sprung up along the northern coast of Egypt. Since the revolution, Ahmed Orabi in 1882, which was the results hit the city of Alexandria on July 11, 1882 and then the British occupation of Egypt was vandalized Bey Citadel and cause cracks, has been a castle on this case until the Commission for the Conservation of Arab Monuments 1904 the work of many of the reforms and do the renovations project to work out based on the studies carried out by scientists of the French campaign and published in the book Description of Egypt and also by the traveler Cassius in his book of the year 1799.
General architectural planning of the castle
Built Bey Citadel on an area of 17550 square meters was built on this area of the walls of the castle of Foreign Affairs and Astgamatha war which is about a group of fences built to increase fortify the castle and these walls is Surin major of huge stones that surround the castle from the outside and the inside has been prepared to protect the castle, Valsor first is the outer wall of the castle is surrounded on all four sides Valdila east of the fence overlooking the sea and a width of two meters and a height of eight meters and peppered with any Towers The rib-west is a huge wall thickness is greater than the rest of the castle walls peppered with three round towers and the longer this fence oldest remaining parts , while the southern side it overlooks the port of East and peppered with three round towers and strikethrough door, while the northern side Fatal directly on the sea and is divided into two parts the bottom of it is a corridor large roofed built over the rock directly by several compartments while the upper part is a corridor by slots narrow overlooking the sea The walls of Interior has shown of stone and surrounded the tower master of all his part, except the northern side and permeates this fence from inside a group of cabins adjacent prepared barracks for Soldiers are free of any openings except for door openings and slots Mzagl allocated to be openings for ventilation on the one hand and Kfathat for the defense on the other hand. The main tower of the castle, it is located north-west aspect of the area of the castle and the main tower of the castle is a building of three floors have planned a square out of each corner of the four corners round tower that rises from the surface of the main tower was built tower limestone hardwood.
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