Royal Jewelry Museum

Royal Jewelry Museum is a museum displaying jewelry royal families that ruled Egypt, and is located in the city of Alexandria. 
The palace was built in 1919 in the area Zezenia It is an architectural masterpiece, and an area of ​​4185 square meters and was interpreted to Princess Fatima Zahra, one of the princesses of the royal family, has been designed according to the European-style buildings in the nineteenth century and the interior decoration of the palace has a distinctive artistic units. 
Turned into a museum of the Royal Jewelry in 1986, the museum houses a large collection of gold jewelry and artifacts of the royal family of the upper back to 1805, including the rare antiques ranging from Muhammad Ali Pasha, Farouk I even. 
This jewelry was confiscated by the revolution of July 23, and was registered in 1999 as a museum, and the museum houses currently 11 thousand and 500 pieces.

Building Royal Jewelry Museum 
And "Museum of jewelry" .. or as it is called "Palace of jewelry" because of the presence in the building, which was the palace of one of the princesses of the family the upper royal Egypt, as we shall see .. It is located Alaltv or minors in the area Zezenia Alexandria .. and next to the residence of the Governor of Alexandria directly in area enjoying calm and prosperity and which befit the Museum of the Jewellery Museum .. and .. a four boundaries of South Street, North Street Hristiy..omen Ahmed Abdel Salam Aref .. and Middle Street artist Ahmed Osman .. and to the west the residence of the Governor. 
Join Palace (Museum) 
There Royal Jewelry Museum in the Palace of Fatima Zahra Bgelem .. The foundations of this palace ZM Fahmi in 1919 and completed its construction and erected by her daughter Princess Fatima in 1923. 
The Princess Fatima Zahra, which carries the name of the palace princesses upper family was born in 1903 .. Her mother is Mrs. / Zainab Ali Fahmi Vhma..ocht architect - who participated in the design of this palace .. Her father is Prince Ali Bin Haider Alomirahmd Rushdie bin Prince Mustapha Bahgat bin Fadel Pasha bin Ibrahim Pasha, the son of Mohammed Ali Pasha of Egypt and its modern renaissance any emitter that Muhammad Ali is the fifth of her grandfather. 
The mother was Princess Fatima Zahra had completed construction of the West Wing before her death and her daughter has reached eighteen years of age .. has added Princess Fatima Zahra suites oriental palace and linked wing Bmamr..oukd under this palace used for the establishment of the summer until the revolution of July 1952 m .. ., and when the property was confiscated princess allowed her to stay in the palace .. that was until 1964 when Princess Fatima Alzahraan ceded the palace of the Egyptian government .. and left to Cairo .. the Princess Fatima Zahra died in 1983. 
The palace was used Castrahh for the presidency .. even turned into a museum by presidential decree in 1986. 
This palace was built (Royal Jewelry Museum) European-style buildings from an architectural perspective .. It consists of two wings .. .. east and west corridor connecting the two browser ... and consists of both East Wing and the West Wing of the two floors and the basement .. The building is surrounded garden filled with plants, flowers and ornamental trees. 
It was the work of restoration and development of the museum in 1986 and 1994 M.omund late 2004 m Bdoalcil top of the effects of process development and overhaul of the museum at a cost estimated at 10 million pounds in order to increase its ability to absorb more of the exhibits precious existing Aalmkhazn did not then offer .. It was the opening of the museum in April 2009 
The contents of the museum 
The museum houses a collection of the finest and most beautiful jewelry and property that was worn and decorated by members of the royal family in upper Egypt, including the Jewelry King Fouad and King Farouk and his wives, princes and princesses of the royal family .. and is therefore known as the Royal Jewelry Museum. 
The museum houses 11 thousand and 500 pieces belonging to members of the royal family .. has been divided into ten halls of the palace includes collections of antiques and jewelry that belong to the family members of Muhammad Ali is the most important: 
Group belonging to the founder of the Alawite family, "Muhammad Ali," including snuff box of gold, enamel geotextile them named "Muhammad Ali" 
Group of Prince Muhammad Ali Tawfiq, which includes 12 circumstance cup of platinum, gold, and about 2753 of schizophrenia diamond Brent and Flemish and wallet Balmas..baladhafah studded gold pocket watch to a private Balslatin Ottomans. 
It is the era of Khedive Said Pasha There are a range of scarfs and gold watches .., decorations and necklaces Egyptian and foreign Waltrkih and encrusted with jewels and Alzhb..onho four thousand archaeological diverse currencies. Group belonging to the founder of the family of Muhammad Ali upper tray including inhalant of gold, enamel geotextile them named «Muhammad Ali». 
Hours of gold, enamel and colorful images of the Khedive Ismail, Khedive Tawfiq. 
Textile Group and Jewelry King Fouad, including: 
Handle of gold encrusted with diamonds. 
Gold medals and medals upon his image. 
Crown of platinum and studded with diamonds for his wife Princess Barlent Shwikar. 
Jewelry Set Queen Nazli of the most important ornament of gold set with diamonds Barlent. 
Jewelry and Textile Group of King Farouk and Queen Nazli and most important: 
Chess geotextile of gold, enamel colored studded with diamonds. 
Chinese gold by signing «110 pashas». 
Marshallese stick of ebony and gold. 
Dish of agate Mahdi of the Czar of Russia. 
Group Queen Safinaz wife of King Farouk and the most important parts: 
The crown of the Queen of platinum and studded with diamonds Barlent Tokh of diamond Barlent. 
Pins chest of gold and platinum studded with diamonds Barlent and Flemish. 
Group Queen Nariman Among the most important parts: 
Medals necklaces and commemorative medals. 
Mstaran and a bowl of gold used in laying the foundation stone for the projects. 
Groups princesses Fawzia and Faiza Ahmed Fouad Ahmed Fouad: «A» a collection of bracelets, brooches and tuk-Sadr, including: 
Tokh of platinum studded with diamonds under the name «Fawzia». 
Holding gold encrusted with diamonds and pearls Barlent «winning». 
Samiha group princesses and fatalism Hussein Kamel: A collection of pocket watches of gold and studded with diamonds Barlent Flemish and gold bracelet studded with diamonds and Barlent Flemish and pearls. 
Group princes Youssef Kamal and Mohammad Ali Tawfiq and includes many antiques, jewelry, medals, necklaces and medals This is in addition to other sets of jewelry that dealt museum presentation in the style of an interesting and used light-dependent routing optical direct pieces displayed without affecting them or influenced by the viewer out has supplied tanks Display cards explaining both Arabic and English. 
This is a museum of the most beautiful sights in Alexandria, where a collection of rare and exquisite antiques, jewelry and gold jewelery, gems, watches and diamond studded Paljmahler. 

And Antiques (Palace) jewelry Iboppe opens for Egyptians and foreign guests and prices Aljul Egyptians very cheaply to encourage them to visit this museum and learn about the important Maydmh collectibles and jewelry in the very magnificence and beauty probably does not have a To Do instance in the world.

Greco-Roman Museum

Greco-Roman Museum of Antiquities Museum in the city of Alexandria in Egypt. And displays a wide variety of effects that were found in and around Alexandria, most of which are the effects of the Ptolemaic and Roman period subsequent to him, particularly since the emergence of Alexandria from the third century BC to the third century AD. 
The museum opened on October 17, 1892 AD. But the lack of breadth of the museum at the time this issue of the relics, the municipality decided to build a museum of Alexandria Alexandria Fouad Street, the existing building was designed by Dietrich and Styon. Inaugurated by Khedive Abbas Hilmi II, and the number was about 11 Hath hall. Exposure effects currently in 27 separate lounge also displays in the museum Mqtiat Pharaonic brought from Cairo and other Egyptian holdings brought from Fayoum represent plates mummies Fayoum, the museum is built on the model of Greek buildings prevailing in ancient Alexandria, and there in the street in the city Fouad. 
Months statues Museum 
Head of white marble represents Julius Caesar 
Marble head of Alexander the Great 
Mummy from the Roman era with a picture of the deceased in color from Fayoum 
Sources 
SIS in Egypt

Alexandria National Museum

Alexandria National Museum is a museum in the city of Alexandria, Egypt. 
The museum contains more than 1,800 artifacts representing most of the times that have passed over the city, which was founded in the year 332 BC. The address of 110 Liberty Road (formerly Fouad Street).
Palace 
The museum building is a former palace of a wealthy timber merchants in the city, which is "the happiest Basile," which he created in the style of Italian architecture. Sale of the palace in 1954 to the American Embassy for $ 53 thousand Egyptian pounds, and was bought by the Supreme Council of Antiquities of Egypt in the amount of 12 million Egyptian pounds, which is to turn around the national museum of the city. The Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak inaugurated on September 1, 2003. [1] 
Exhibits 

The museum displays about 1800 artifacts ranging from the Pharaonic era and the Ptolemaic era, which flourished in Alexandria then ages Romanian, Byzantine and Islamic right up to the modern era began the era of the family of Muhammad Ali Pasha, revolution and the end of July 23 1952.

Roman theater

The stadium or theater or the Roman amphitheater built round or oval to display different games, Ttosth supply circuit and around the seats glasses ranging from bottom to top. 
Months what those stadiums hosted Faspanjnos Emperor Titus and his parents and Dommitanos at the foot of the city of Tel Aascoplyae Roma.atkon the outer part of him adorn the number Alawriqh first is deliberately patrol and the second and third when the ionic Korentheh was to accommodate about 87,000 spectators.
Roman theaters 
Roman amphitheater (Oman) 
Roman amphitheater (Petra) 
El Jem (Tunisia) 
Roman theater (Alexandria) 
Sources [edit] 

Arabic Language Academy...

Library of Alexandria

Known as the Bibliotheca Alexandrina, the Royal Library marrow or simply Library of Alexandria or the largest libraries of its time [1], built by Ptolemy I [2] and is said to have been founded by Alexander the Great before the twenty-three centuries [3] It is also said to have been founded by Ptolemy II in early third century BC, [1] a year (285 247 BC)
History 
Ancientlibraryalex.jpg 


Historians disagree on the person who built the library, there are those who say that Alexander and placed in the layout when building Alexandria [5], the owner of the idea of ​​building [6] and some say that Ptolemy I is built and others say it was Taséa by Ptolemy II [1] as that is completed Fbtalmeos first is the one who ordered the establishment of the library and organized at his own expense, and then complete that his successor Ptolemy II. [7] collection Demetrius Alvalery Greek nucleus of the Library of Alexandria, which is in the country of Greece, [7], who was working as a consultant for Ptolemy I [8] [9], a library systems [10] has been developed planning architecturally and objective so as to be reflective of the balance of Greek thought and modern sciences. [6] and there is a difference in a year that has been created in which there are those who say Onhancit in 330 BC [11] and there Who says it was established in 288 BC [12]
Trustees of the Library [edit] 
Old [13] [14] [edit] 
Alvalery Demetrius (284 BC). 
And Zinodotos Alavssa (284-260 BC). 
Barqawi and Callimachus (260-240 BC). 
And Abullonius Alrodsy (240-235 BC). 
And Aratosttheis Barqawi (235-195 BC). 
Byzantine and Aristophanes (195-180 BC). 
And Abullonius Aadugravos (180-160 BC). 

Acommotracy and Aristarchus (160-145 BC)....

The secret of greatness and fame ancient Library of Alexandria [edit] 
The prominence of Ancient Library of Alexandria (Bbltica de me Axandrina) to be the oldest library general government in the ancient world, and not because it is the first world libraries Vmketbat Pharaonic temples were known when the ancient Egyptians, but it was especially priests only and the Ptolemies themselves who they founded knew Libraries well as due greatness also that they whale books and science civilizations Pharaonic, Greek, and it happened blending scientific and meet the cultural intellectual science East and Science West, it is a model of cultural globalization old produced a civilization Hellenistic where intermarried Pharaonic and Greco attributed greatness also of the greatness of those who made it, where was imposed on all the world taught to let out a copy of his books but they also were in the stronghold of science and stronghold of papyrus and writing instruments Egypt, where the collection out what was in the libraries of Egyptian temples and a whale of flag-On and Last but not least frees scientists from Thabo politics, religion, sex, race and segregation science which was for the human world is visiting her or student by not asks not only for his knowledge about his religion and ethnicity 
The old library [edit] 
The Library of Alexandria property first and greatest library known in history and remained the largest libraries of its time, established the Library of Alexandria at the hands of the successors of Alexander the Great since more than two thousand years to the largest collection of books in the Old World, which reached number then to 700 thousand volumes including the works of Homer and the library Aristotle. 

Ptolemy was first created 330 BC it was spending lavishly during the reign of Ptolemy II, where he Ptusatha and add extensions to her, the library contained a huge number of books and manuscripts reached the 700,000 folder
Fire Library [edit] 
In 48 BC. M. Julius Caesar burned 101 vessels were found on the shore of the Mediterranean Sea in front of the Library of Alexandria after it was besieged by Ptolemy, Cleopatra's brother, after the little hair that Julius Caesar, Cleopatra championing it, and spread the flames of burning ships to the Library of Alexandria where it is believed Vahrguetha some historians have it destroyed. [17] 
While little history as well as it has the right to the library severely damaged in 391 AD when the order of the Roman Emperor Theodosius I destroy them, and poses some historians Another theory is that, despite the fire Theodosius I, the library has survived until the year 640 AD, where, according to some historians, it was completely destroyed during the period of the rule Amr ibn al-Aas to Egypt by order of the Caliph Omar ibn al-Khattab. [18] while denies other historians any link to the Muslims and Amr ibn al-Aas in a fire library, and describe the charge superstition [19] and the myth [20] where they say that the Amr ibn al-Aas entered Alexandria in the year 642 m at the time were not found until the Library of Alexandria burned where they say it is proved that the Library of Alexandria was burned to the ground at the time of the Roman emperor Julius Caesar in 48 BC. AD ". [17]
Where there were no books in the ancient Kelieqhobe, and Albuladhira, and Ibn Abd al-Hakam, and al-Tabari, and Canadian, nor in the history of came after them and take them Kalmqrizi, and dad beauties, and Suyuti, and others. 

After entering the Arabs of Alexandria on December 22 in 640 AD. And the destruction of the city walls, happened to know the Amr ibn al-Aas on the world of theology Christian appellant in the Age named John Philoponus John Philoponus (pupil Alexandrian philosopher Ammonius previously mentioned, it is known to the Arabs in the name Yahya grammar, has contributed his writings to a large extent in the transfer of Greek culture to the Arabs) . After many debates religious between John and Amr about triangulation, standardization and the divinity of Jesus Christ asked John from Amr maintain the books in the Library of Alexandria, because, according to John, "Unlike stores, palaces and gardens of the city, those books are not useful for Amr or his men." Then Amr was surprised and asked about the origin of those books and usefulness, Vsrd him the story of John the Alexandria Library since its founding by Ptolemy II. But Amr ibn al-Aas replied by saying that he could not act without taking the advice of Omar ibn al-Khattab. He wrote Ibn al-Khattab speech milk is consulted in the library and books. While John was waiting for a reply in Amr, authorized the latter to John visited the library, accompanied by his disciple Jewish doctor Villaritis Philaretes (is the author of a medical book, a pulse of error attributed to John Philoponus). Several days later came replies Omar ibn al-Khattab, and which was read and translated by Amr ibn al-Aas on the ears of both John and Villaritis, and what it means: "... And the books that I mentioned Van was where it approves the Book of God in the Book of God with him indispensable, and that was where the contrary to the Book of God does not need us to. "And so is Amr ibn al-Aas distribute books bathrooms Alexandria for use in lighting the fire that keeps the warmth of the bathrooms. The mention of the Muslim Alagafti in his translations of the wise that the burning of these books has continued for nearly six months, and that the only books that survived the fire were some books of the Greek philosopher Aristotle and some of the writings of Ptolemy and Euclid Sports geographical location. The novel Arabs burning books library Serapeum also mentioned Alagafti also mentioned in the books of sermons and account stated in the plans and implications for historians of Egyptian Sheikh Taqi al-Din to Mqrizi, and the index to Ibn al-Nadim, the history of Islamic civilization to Georgy Zeidan. It also supports the Ibn Khaldun in his book Introduction Ibn Khaldun novel burning of Arabs to the Library of Alexandria, given the behavior of the Arabs in the same era, and examples of this behavior throwing Saad bin Abi Waqas books Persians in the water and fire, and so on the order of Omar ibn al-Khattab, who sent Ben Abi Waqqas saying "The guidance was not what it was God guided him Bahidy albeit astray Enough was God." References pro burning Alexandria Library
Some blame the burning of the library of Alexandria Julius Caesar (100-44 BC). And one of the most important Snaúd this claim is without Julius Caesar himself in his book that the Alexandrian War of fire that ignited his soldiers to burn the Egyptian fleet in the port of Alexandria has extended to gobble up a warehouse full of papers papyrus is located close to the port. But the study of the geographical location of the library in Alexandria neighborhood Brochaon Bruchion away from the harbor is clear that this store is impossible to be a library. The suspicion of burning Julius Caesar to the Library of Alexandria easy to disprove it by reading the book Geography of the historian Strabo Strabo, who visited Alexandria about 25 years BC. The scientific article, which draws from historical sources that were present in the library of Alexandria at the time. In addition, the Cicero Cicero months historians Romanian empire, and who knew the extreme hostility of Julius Caesar, did not mention the incident at all burning of Julius Caesar to the Library of Alexandria in his famous book Philippics which is further evidence of the innocence of Julius Caesar from that charge. 
Nevertheless, some historians agree that Julius Caesar is already burned by the Library of Alexandria. One of these historians is Plutarch Plutarch in his Life of Caesar, who wrote at the end of the first century AD, and in which he stated that the Alexandria Library has burned by the fire, which began Julius Caesar for the destruction of the Egyptian fleet stationed in the port of Alexandria. In the second century AD, and in his book Attic Nights, mentions the Roman historian Ulus Jlius Aulus Gellius that the Royal Library of Alexandria was burned when he accidentally ignited some Roman soldiers Affiliates of Julius Caesar some flames. In the fourth century pagan historians agree Mrslinos Ammianus Ammianus Marcellinus and the Christian Orucius Orosius that the Library of Alexandria has burned an error because of the fire, which began Julius Caesar. But mostly here that these historians confused between the Greek words bibliothekas the sense of a collection of books and bibliotheka sense Library, and this has been thought that what has been written previously about the burning of some books near the port and in some stores is burning to the famous Library of Alexandria. 
On this, given what was written by Roman historians mentioned above, it is likely that the Royal Library of Alexandria was burned after Strabo's visit to the city about 25 BC. But before the beginning of the second century AD, and it was only what these historians have said the incident cremated and her descent error of Julius Caesar. The result is that the library had been destroyed mostly by someone other than Julius Caesar, but the next generation of the incident used to link the fire, which occurred in Alexandria during the existence of Julius Caesar and the burning of the library. 
But it is known that the Alexandrian Library property, or the museum as it was called, where it includes the assets of many of the mothers of the books in the world, were not only library in the city of Alexandria, but there were Mketbtan two other at least: Library Temple of Serapeum library temple Alsizarryon. And the continuing intellectual and scientific life in Alexandria after the destruction of the Royal Library, and prosperity of the city as a center of science and literature in the world between the first century AD and the sixth century AD, has adopted the existence of these two libraries and Ahtautah of books and references. It is historically documented that the Royal Library was the private library of the royal family and the scientists and researchers, while the office Serapeum Alsizarryon Mketbtnin broad and open to the public. And thanks to the establishment of the Royal Library of Ptolemy II Philadelphus, while the foundations of his son Ptolemy III Serapeum Temple and the library attached to it. Later known as the Serapeum library on behalf of the library daughter Daughter Library. While it was the site of the Royal Library in the neighborhood Brochaon Bruchion near the royal palaces and royal gardens, it was the Serapeum library and the Temple of Serapeum which the god Serapis in the neighborhood Racotiis Rhakotis popular. While whale Royal Library originals of most of the world's books, it was the usual place copies of those assets in the library of the Serapeum. 
After the burning of the Royal Library became the Serapeum Temple library, larger than Alsizarryon Temple Library, the main library for the city of Alexandria. The first historical reference to that library was in the book The Apology of the mark Christian Tertullian Tertullian, where it is stated that the library of the Ptolemies preserved in the Library of the Serapeum, and that part of what they contain a copy of the books of the Old Testament Jews goes Alexandria to hear it read in the library. If we consider that the library is the Ptolemaic royal library, it can be said that what has been saved from the original books from the library of Alexandria property has been moved to the Serapeum library to be placed next to the copies that were already in that library daughter. This analysis is supported by what is stated in the message Arsthias Letter of Aristeas (Starter secondary Jew), which date back to the end of writing the first century AD, from the Royal Library manuscripts that had been transferred to the Library of the Serapeum. In the year 379 AD. Back of St. John Chrysostom to mention the Serapeum in his library-oriented Antakyin that the Serapeum library containing a copy of the Old Testament which is Ptolemy II Philadelphus translated from Hebrew to Greek. 
Then in 391 AD. Some Christians in Alexandria at the instigation of Pope Theophilus, Pope of Alexandria to destroy the pagan temple Aserabion and build a church over its ruins. But the destruction of the library overlooking Aserabion did so mostly because they contain many of the books of Christianity and Judaism as well as other scientific books, which were the subject of attention of many scientists pagans and Christians alike. Until the end of the sixth century AD, we find many references to the historical presence of the Serapeum library in Alexandria, and those signals described the Alexandrian philosopher Ammonius Ammonius to that library and what Hute books, such as copies of the book works Categories of Aristotle. 

Further Reading: 1. Ammianus Marcellinus, XXII 2. Aristeas, Letter 3. Aulus Gellius, VII 4. Caesar, Alexandrian War 5. Canfora, The Vanished Library 6. Cicero, Ad Atticum 7. Gibbon, Decline and Fall, III 8. Lucan, The Civil Wars 9. Orosius, VI 10. Plutarch, Life of Caesar 11. Strabo, XVII 12. Tertullian, Apologetics 13. Vrettos, Alexandria City of the Western Mind 14. Jamal al-Din Abu al-Hassan Ibrahim Alagafti, translations of the Wise 15. Taqi al-Din Ahmad ibn Ali Maqrizi, sermons and account stated in the plans and effects 16. Abu Faraj Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Mohammed Nadeem Ishaq (Ibn al-Nadim), the index 17 Georgy Zeidan, history of Islamic civilization 18. Abdul Rahman Ibn Khaldun, Ibn Khaldun Introduction
Attempts sent from New 
In the year 2002 and with the support of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization "UNESCO" was inaugurated new Library of Alexandria and both libraries are located in the city of Alexandria, Egypt. Remained a dream in the rebuilding of the ancient Library of Alexandria and reviving the legacy of this global center for science and knowledge has haunted the imagination of scientists and thinkers in the world. 
GD-EG-BibAlex-Vue géné niv + 2.JPG 

The beginning was with the announcement of former President Mubarak's announcement of Aswan in 1990 to revive the old library. 
And the Library of Alexandria is a remarkable cultural edifices that have been created, was the launch of the new Library of Alexandria in a grand ceremony attended by kings and queens and heads of delegations and international high to be a beacon of culture and Egypt's window on the world and a window to the world on Egypt. 
It is the first digital library in the twenty-first century and Egyptian heritage includes cultural, humanitarian, and is a center for study, dialogue and tolerance. This includes cultural edifice: 
Library can accommodate more than eight million books, six specialized libraries, three museums, seven research centers, vulnerable permanent, six halls to Art Galleries variety, planetarium, room to explore and conference center .. built new Library of Alexandria to relive the spirit of the old library The library aspires to be: 
- A center of knowledge and tolerance, dialogue and understanding. 
- A window to the world on Egypt 

- Egypt's window on the world.
Sages [the more than cent in the most brilliant periods of the library They were divided into two groups according to the classification and they put themselves Alvelologion and philosophers: 
Alvelologion was studying texts and deepen as each reached philology tidy major science was her connection with the knowledge of history and Almtheogravea. While studying the rest of the philosophers of science, whether they are scientists or thinkers. 
And among generations of scientists who led the Library of Alexandria and worked out by the long hours of study and scrutiny, geniuses save history names like Archimedes (citizen of Syracuse), and developed by Euclid's geometry, and explain Hipparchus for all trigonometry and put his theory Bjeeomrkzah the world, he said that the stars neighborhoods generate and move for centuries and then die at the end of the day, while the Aristarchus Alsamosze thesis adverse Alhliomkzah any theory (an argument the movement of the Earth and other planets around the sun and that several centuries before Copernicus). 
It is also found among the scientists who worked in the library, which Aratosthyns A geographic map and accomplished a great deal of precision, and a scientist Herophilus Kuldona functions concluded that intelligence is the center of the brain, not the heart. 
It also was one of the pioneers Library astronomers Timgaritts and Erstilo and Apollonius Albergama a known athlete, and Heron Eskandarani inventor toothed wheels and self-propelled machines steam and author of the book Avtomta It is the first known work for robots. 
And at a later stage and around the second century in the same place astronomer Claudius Ptolemy and the work of the Library also Galinos who wrote many works on the art of medicine and anatomy. 
Expansion and demolition 
As we mentioned earlier, the library was part of the Museion, but at a later stage gained importance and size large and therefore it became necessary to create an extension to close them. 
Believes that the supplement or "Library nascent" established order of Ptolemy III Avergitis, where established this supplement on the Plateau neighborhood Racotiis (known today neighborhood symbols), in place of Alexandria away from the seashore in an ancient temple built by early Ptolemies of the god Serapis and called Serapeum. 
This library was able to withstand the centuries and crossing its predecessor acquired fame and the importance of large around the world. He has kept the Roman emperors, in the post, the library and developed equipments central heating system extended across the walls and pipes it to keep dry air inside the warehouse floor. 
Groups Ancient Library of Alexandria 

When traders knew the books that there is a market for books in Alexandria rushed to Egypt for the sale of the rarest and most valuable books of documents for personal libraries Btalma.kma was fertile ground to feed the Bibliotheca Alexandrina large groups as is the case for the library and library Teoffrastos Aristotle. One way to get books, inspect cargo ships that were docked in the port of Alexandria and the confiscation of any books on board and reproduced them only copy given to the owners and keeps the assets in the library with any compensation ask if there are any problems in this Alagrae.omen through these methods combine a number an awful lot of books included Greek intellectual production written all, and perhaps the main library may be narrowed, including the gathering of the books, which necessitated the establishment of a branch library in the Serapeum Temple. There are no specific figures for the size of the groups or the number of books that were present in the libraries. The book gave the Greeks different figures for the number of books (winders), which was Held in the library, and you should know that one fascia may involve a number of business as per the book that might occur in a number of Allvavat.uccir figures to be the main library in the museum included 400 a roll is classified and 90 thousand a roll and 800 rank and classified. These figures are recorded what it was in the time of Callimachus groups who died in the year between 235 and 240 BC. The documents confirm that the maximum number reached by the Group is 700 thousand volumes until the first century BC, before any fire partial Going to have signed with the hit "Julius Caesar" to Alexandria. It is unfortunate that we do not have numbers confirmed after that date and after compensation Cleopatra also told the Library of Pergamum after falling in the hands of Antonio in 41 BC, which was estimated at 200 thousand a roll, and was proud of the kings Attaliyn, well, it is difficult to know the trends objectivity to the library where we have not received even the index developed by Callimachus groups.
The library in the twenty-first century
Has been the revival of the library in a huge project carried out by Egypt in conjunction with the agency UNESCO United Nations, where he was building a new library at a site near the old library. Modern library was opened in October 2002.

Bey Citadel

This castle is located at the end of the island of Pharos maximum west of Alexandria. And constructed in place of the old Alexandria Mannar which demolishes the year 702 AH following the devastating earthquake that occurred in the reign of Sultan al-Nasir Muhammad. He began Sultan al-Ashraf Abu Al-Nasr Bey build this castle in the year 882 AH and ended 884 years of its construction. The reason for his interest in Alexandria frequent direct threats to Egypt by the Ottoman Empire, which threatened the entire Arab region has cared Mamluk Sultan al-Ghouri Qansuh castle, climbing from Jamitha and shipped arms.

Description Castle 
This takes the form of the castle square with an area of ​​150 m * 130 m surrounded by the sea on three sides. It contains the castle walls and the main tower in the North West. The walls are divided into internal fence and outdoor. Valsor interior includes barracks and arms depots. The outer wall of the castle fitted in the bodies of the four defensive towers rise to the level of the fence with the exception of the eastern wall loss includes slots for defensive soldiers. 
And take the main tower in the inner courtyard form of big castle square-shaped side length of 30 meters and a height of 17 meters and consists castle of the three-storey square-shaped and are found in corners of the tower of the four semi-circular towers are finished higher balconies prominent and these towers higher than the main tower includes slots to throw darts at two levels The mosque occupies the first floor of the castle, which consists dish and four defensive iwans and corridors to allow soldiers to pass easily through the defense of Kulah.o had this mosque minaret but collapsed recently. 
The second floor contains the corridors and halls and internal compartments. It features a large room on the third floor (seat Sultan Qaat Bay) sits down to see the ships on a day's journey from Alexandria covered cellar cross There is also on this floor furnace for the preparation of bread made from wheat land, as well as a mill to grind grain for the soldiers living in the castle. The new Sultan Qansuh Ghouri castle and increased the garrison has been neglected this castle in the Ottoman occupation of Egypt. Citadel has established this fortress of Sultan Malik al-Ashraf Abu Al-Nasr Bey Mahmoudi year 882 AH / 1477 AD place Mannar Alexandria old at the eastern tip of the island of Pharos in the late Mamluk state, which is about building a separate length of 60 meters and width of 50 meters, and the thickness of the walls 4.5 meters. 
This was Al-Manar had been destroyed after an earthquake in 702 AH the days of King al-Nasir Muhammad, who ordered the restoration, but he destroyed them after several years even destroyed all its parts year 777 AH / 1375 AD. 
And when he visited the city of Alexandria Qaytbay year 882 AH / 1477 AD went to the site of the old Al-Manar and ordered to build on the basis of the old tower, later known as Castle or Fortress Bey was the completion of construction after two years from the date of construction. 
Because Bey Citadel in Alexandria is considered one of the most important castles on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea has cared by the sultans and the rulers of Egypt over the historical eras in the Mamluk era, we find the Sultan Qansuh Ghouri interested in this castle considerable attention and increased the strength of its garrison and shipped weapons and gear, and when he opened the Ottomans Egypt used this castle a place for their protection and were interested in maintaining them and made them communities of the soldiers infantry, cavalry, artillery and various garrisons to defend it and then defend Gate Egypt in the northern coast and what weakened the Ottoman Empire began the castle lose its strategic importance and the defense as a result of the weakness of its garrison is then managed the French campaign on Egypt led by Napoleon Bonaparte seized and the city of Alexandria, 1798 which led to the seizure and which took over the rest of Egypt, and when he took Muhammad Ali Pasha ruled Egypt and work to fortify Egypt and especially the coasts of North arose to renew the castle walls and add some of the work out to suit the evolution of defense of the nineteenth century AD consisted in strengthening walls and renewal of buildings and providing them with guns coastal This is in addition to the construction of many Ataiwabi and forts that have sprung up along the northern coast of Egypt. Since the revolution, Ahmed Orabi in 1882, which was the results hit the city of Alexandria on July 11, 1882 and then the British occupation of Egypt was vandalized Bey Citadel and cause cracks, has been a castle on this case until the Commission for the Conservation of Arab Monuments 1904 the work of many of the reforms and do the renovations project to work out based on the studies carried out by scientists of the French campaign and published in the book Description of Egypt and also by the traveler Cassius in his book of the year 1799. 
General architectural planning of the castle 

Built Bey Citadel on an area of ​​17550 square meters was built on this area of ​​the walls of the castle of Foreign Affairs and Astgamatha war which is about a group of fences built to increase fortify the castle and these walls is Surin major of huge stones that surround the castle from the outside and the inside has been prepared to protect the castle, Valsor first is the outer wall of the castle is surrounded on all four sides Valdila east of the fence overlooking the sea and a width of two meters and a height of eight meters and peppered with any Towers The rib-west is a huge wall thickness is greater than the rest of the castle walls peppered with three round towers and the longer this fence oldest remaining parts , while the southern side it overlooks the port of East and peppered with three round towers and strikethrough door, while the northern side Fatal directly on the sea and is divided into two parts the bottom of it is a corridor large roofed built over the rock directly by several compartments while the upper part is a corridor by slots narrow overlooking the sea The walls of Interior has shown of stone and surrounded the tower master of all his part, except the northern side and permeates this fence from inside a group of cabins adjacent prepared barracks for Soldiers are free of any openings except for door openings and slots Mzagl allocated to be openings for ventilation on the one hand and Kfathat for the defense on the other hand. The main tower of the castle, it is located north-west aspect of the area of ​​the castle and the main tower of the castle is a building of three floors have planned a square out of each corner of the four corners round tower that rises from the surface of the main tower was built tower limestone hardwood.

Egyptian Agricultural Museum

Agricultural Museum in Egypt was the purpose of its creation is the documentation for the memory of Egypt's agricultural, and a window overlooking them all generations Ali civilization of Egypt agricultural, as well as being a center of culture farm, and was the museum has held at Galatasaray Princess Fatima Ismail, daughter of Khedive Ismail in the Dokki district, has begun work in 1930 when the decision was issued Egyptian Cabinet on November 21, 1927, and he was initially the name "agricultural Museum Fouad I". This can be considered the museum eight museums not one museum, and increase the area of ​​this museum on the thirty acres, the equivalent of 175 thousand square meters, and is the first museum in the agricultural world,

The museum's holdings 
Featuring thousands of exhibits and collections that offer in its entirety to read historical agriculture and development in Egypt since the time of the Pharaohs, represents the museum kiss for scientists and researchers in the field of research and studies of agricultural and veterinary, historical and there is the museum collection and rare plants, some extinct out of existence, such as a plant (Barads), which is sacred to the Pharaohs , and models of agricultural machinery historical like Elmejrh or machine grinding grain, dating back to 15 thousand years ago, this as well as a lot of photographs and artwork oily refer you to the atmosphere of the past, and the evolution of agricultural methods have Egyptian farmer, and forms of village life through history 
Description Museum 
Is the second most important place that specializes in «Agriculture» in the world after the Agricultural Museum in the Hungarian capital «Budapest». Back preferred Create Agricultural Museum to King Fouad I, who had felt that it was necessary to be Egypt's Museum of Agricultural be his mission to disseminate information of agricultural and economic development in the country, and has the use of designer Agricultural Museum in the Hungarian capital «Budapest» for the design of the museum Agricultural Egyptian, was chosen Saray Princess Fatima Ismail, daughter of Khedive Ismail, the sister of King Fuad I, as a museum of agriculture is the Agricultural Museum of the largest museums in Egypt as an area of ​​125 thousand square meters and the museum was a palace of Princess Fatma Ismail, daughter of Khedive Ismail, the museum consists of three buildings for exhibits allocated based First the plant kingdom and the second building exhibits for the animal kingdom and the third building includes a historic exhibition of Egyptian agriculture since the prehistoric era to Eumanahma. And the museum also has a library and cinema halls, lectures, and also includes a group of insect 
Title 
There museum in Museum Street, Dokki agricultural district - near the Egyptian Ministry of Agriculture. 
Museum of Ancient Egyptian Agriculture 
In the plan to establish the Egyptian Agricultural Museum, to be a window on the generations to the ancient civilization of Egypt in the field of agriculture and information dissemination of agricultural and economic development in the country, has been the establishment of a museum of agriculture in ancient Egyptian Pharaonic era in 1996. 
This museum is the first in a series of history of the development of agriculture in Egypt, it displays the history of agriculture since the prehistoric era until the late Pharaonic era ... and highlights the leading role of Egypt in the field of agriculture, and that the ancient Egyptians were the best growers know history 
Agriculture is unique museum of ancient Egyptian museums in the world for the acquisition of agricultural archeological collection is complete, in addition to that it includes performances make it art museum of natural history. 
On the ground floor, the museum displays everything related to agricultural activity old, tools and agricultural machinery, and explains how guided to the ancient Egyptian and developed, and there Collectibles important represent the majority of agricultural crops known to ancient Egypt with Antique describes the most important agricultural industries and environmental. 
Egyptian Agricultural Museum 
This article has been cropped from the page Giza Governorate to lack of an association has been annexed to this page, and the need to integrate them into the body of the article originally considered one of the largest museums in the world where represents agriculture in ancient times, which allows the visitor to identify the evolution of life in the Egyptian countryside. 
There is in the province of Giza in Egypt, a -hmal neighborhoods "Doki" This is a huge museum, which includes 7 large museums, and larger than 30 acres (125 square meters), opened for more than 60 years, as the first agricultural museum in the world, It has thousands of exhibits dealing with the history of agriculture in Egypt since the very beginnings of the human steps on the land of Egypt, and even the present era. 
A decision was created in a day (18 Jumada II 1348 AH = 21 m from November 1929) creates Agricultural Museum Bsoeri Egyptian Princess "Fatima Ismail," which donated to the University of the Egyptian and on the ground to stop the lady with ideas Irons. 
Been received Serail and processing, including suits to be a museum, and the museum opened in (15 from a November 1356 e = 16 from January 1938 AD) and he was in the beginning, "Museum Fouad first agricultural", and was designed to record and display the evolution of Egyptian agriculture, as the Egypt of the country prestigious in the field of agriculture, and the Egyptian play a big role in the development of agriculture and invent their equipment. 
The area of ​​agricultural museum about 30 acres (125 square meters), which occupy buildings museums around 20 thousand square meters, and the rest of the space museum park includes several types of trees and rare plants, and landscaping; parks in addition to the pharaonic style. 
The museum owns anecdotes value does not exist anywhere in the world, including the presence of extinct plant does not exist only in the museum, a plant "Barads" which is sacred to the Pharaohs, where the museum keeps leaves and fruits of this plant and a leg.
The museum also houses Mjursca (machine to grind grain) dating to 15 thousand years, and hundreds of photographs, and a large number of paintings and Almakaitat that make you live past you between her hands. 

The museum houses the agricultural -halaa- seven museums are using the latest means of presentation, and scientific methods upscale in terms of lighting and the air and the view, because the majority of the exhibits in the museum of the organic materials that react with moisture and light, so I used some modern equipment to treat some types of radiation in "Vatrinat "width, and devices to absorb moisture scientific methods minutes. The display the museum's holdings in accordance with the scientific method and historical; where the exhibits were chosen to complement the picture painted by trying every museum or delivered to the visitor or specialist.